Sama halnya dengan bahasa Indonesia, di dalam bahasa Inggris juga terdapat kata imbuhan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kita mengenal tiga jenis imbuhan yaitu awalan, sisipan dan akhiran. Tidak jauh berbeda, bahasa Inggris juga memiliki prefix (awalan), infix (sisipan) dan suffix (akhiran). Perbedaannya, kata imbuhan di dalam bahasa Inggris akan mempengaruhi bentuk dari kata yang dikenainya, misalnya merubah adjective (kata sifat) atau verb (kata kerja) menjadi sebuah noun (kata benda).
Pada artikel ini akan dikupas tuntas mengenai suffix khususnya dari bentuk adjective dan verb ke bentuk noun. Sebelum masuk ke dalam jenis-jenis dari suffix atau akhiran dalam Bahasa Inggris, sebenernya apa sih arti dari suffix? Dilansir dari Cambridge Dictionary, suffix adalah huruf atau kelompok huruf yang ditempatkan di akhir kata atau root atau bentuk paling sederhana (base form) dari suatu kata dan tidak dapat diuraikan lagi.
Tujuan dari penambahan suffix atau akhiran adalah untuk menghasilkan kata baru. Suffix bukanlah kata dan tentunya tidak bisa berdiri sendiri dalam sebuah kalimat. Dengan memahami suffix, maka akan semakin mudah untuk Anda dalam memilih kata yang sesuai dalam percakapan serta menyederhanakan pengucapan.
Adjective to Noun Suffixes
SUFFIX | ADJECTIVE – NOUN | ADJECTIVE – NOUN | ADJECTIVE – NOUN |
–NESSstate, quality, condition | forgetful – forgetfulness happy – happinessuseful – usefulnessheavy – heaviness | kind – kindnesstruthful – truthfulnessready – readiness weak – weakness | quiet – quietnesssleepy – sleepinesssad – sadnessmad – madness |
-ITYstate/condition | able – abilityactive – activitystupid – stupidityresponsible – responsibilitydense – density | curious – curiositymobile – mobilitypossible – possibilityscarce – scarcitybrutal – brutalitydiverse – diversity | real – realitytranquil – tranquilityhilarious – hilarityprobable – probabilityequal – equalitycreative – creativity |
-ISM state, practice | ideal – idealismcolonial – colonialismspecial – specialismsocial – socialism | human – humanismimperial – imperialismcapital – capitalism | conservative – conservatismfavorite – favoritism |
-THcondition | wide – widthdead – death | long – lengthfoul – filth | |
-Ycondition | private – privacydifficult – difficulty | honest – honestyjealous – jealousy | modest – modesty |
-ERY location, collective, behaviour condition | brave – bravery | ||
-TYcondition | safe – safetycruel – cruelty | certain – certaintysubtle – subtlety | loyal – loyaltyspecial – specialty |
For examples:
- ready – They questioned her readiness for the test.(Mereka mempertanyakan kesiapannya untuk ujian.)
- happy – It is important to create happiness for everyone. (Penting untuk menciptakan kebahagiaan untuk semua orang.)
- weak – Eating too much cake was a major weakness of his. (Makan terlalu banyak kue adalah kelemahan utamanya.)
- sad – The closure of the post office brought sadness to the community. (Penutupan kantor pos tersebut membawa duka bagi masyarakat.)
- mad – The decision to drive in the snow was pure madness.(Keputusan untuk mengemudi di salju merupakan kegilaan yang murni.)
- forgetful – Forgetfulness comes with old age. (Kelupaan datang seiring bertambahnya usia.)
- responsible – Your children are not my responsibility. (Anak-anak Anda bukan tanggung jawab saya.)
- possible – Nuclear war seemed like a real possibility. (Perang nuklir tampak seperti kemungkinan yang nyata.)
- scarce – The scarcity of drinks became problematic during the party. (Kelangkaan minuman menjadi masalah selama pesta itu.)
- hilarious – They reacted to the joke with much hilarity. (Mereka bereaksi terhadap lelucon itu dengan penuh kegembiraan.)
- probable – It’s hard to guess the probability of her passing the test. (Sulit menebak kemungkinan dia lulus ujian.)
- independent – Having a car has improved my independence. (Memiliki mobil telah meningkatkan kemandirian saya.)
- important – Never underestimate the importance of studying. (Jangan pernah meremehkan pentingnya belajar.)
- silent – Enjoy the silence while the children are away. (Nikmati keheningan saat anak-anak pergi.)
- merry – The children found a lot of merriment in the clown’s antics.(Anak-anak menemukan banyak kegembiraan dalam kejenakaan badut.)
Verb to Noun Suffixes
SUFFIX | VERB-NOUN | VERB-NOUN | VERB-NOUN |
-ALcondition, quality | arrive – arrivalapprove – approvalbury – burial | deny – denialpropose – proposaldefer – deferral | refuse – refusaldismiss – dismissal |
-ANCE / -ENCEaction, state, condition or quality | attend – attendanceaccept – acceptanceappear – appearance | prefer – preferenceinsure – insuranceresist – resistance | refer – referenceexist – existence |
-TIONaction or resulting state | educate – educationinform – informationdescribe – descriptionmultiply – multiplicationpopulate -population | eliminate – eliminationcomplicate – complicationtransform – transformation | combine – combinationimmigrate – immigrationcreate – creationdeclare – declaration |
-SIONAction/resulting state | confuse – confusiondecide – decisionadmit – admissionomit – omissionrevise – revision | divide – divisionexpress – expressionconclude – conclusion | impress – impressionprofess – professionpermit – permissionexplode – explosion |
–URE action or resulting state | depart – departureerase – erasureexpose – exposure | fail – failureenclose – enclosure | press – pressurelegislate – legislature |
-MENTstate, act, condition | agree – agreementpay – paymentappoint – appointmentassign – assignmentmerry – merriment | employ – employmentargue – argumentenjoy – enjoymentstate – statementpunish – punishment | govern – governmentreplace – replacementcommit – commitment |
-AGEaction, state, process | break – breakagepost – postage | pack – packagepass – passage | bag – baggagemarry – marriage |
-INGaction, state, process | bless – blessingland – landing | write – writingfeed – feeding | end – endingseat – seating |
-ERY a business or trade, a behavior, a condition | cream – creameryrob – robbery | bake – bakery | brew – brewery |
For examples:
- appear – The appearance of a second singer improved the concert. (Penampilan penyanyi kedua meningkatkan konser itu.)
- resist – The home team put up a strong resistance against their opponents. (Tim tuan rumah melakukan perlawanan yang kuat terhadap lawan mereka.)
- appoint – I need to make an appointment with my doctor. (Saya perlu membuat janji dengan dokter saya.)
- assign – The final essay was a very big assignment. (Esai terakhir adalah tugas yang sangat besar.)
- enjoy – Don’t let the rain affect your enjoyment of this walk. (Jangan biarkan hujan memengaruhi kesenangan Anda pada jalan-jalan ini.)
- replace – Our replacement teacher was much better than the first one. (Guru pengganti kami jauh lebih baik daripada yang pertama.)
- inform – There is not enough information about foxes in our area. (Tidak ada cukup informasi tentang rubah di daerah kami.)
- decide – The committee will make a formal decision this Friday. (Panitia akan membuat keputusan resmi Jumat ini.)
- describe – The police have a good description of the thief. (Polisi memiliki deskripsi yang baik tentang pencuri itu.)
- multiply – I like addition and subtraction but multiplication is difficult. (Saya suka penjumlahan dan pengurangan tetapi perkalian sulit.)
- admit – The criminal’s admission of guilt got him in trouble. (Pengakuan kesalahan si penjahat membuatnya dalam masalah.)
Oke, sekian dulu pembahasan kita pada kesempatan kali ini ya. Semoga artikel diatas bermanfaat untuk semua dan nantikan artikel-artikel bermanfaat lainnya dari Homie English ya…
Results
#1. Eating too much cake was a major __________ of his.
#2. Nuclear war seemed like a real __________.
#3. Never underestimate the __________ of studying.
#4. Our __________ teacher was much better than the first one
#5. The police have a good __________ of the thief.
#6. The home team put up a strong __________ against their opponents resist
Download Materi:
How to use suffixes (99 downloads)
References:
https://englishlessonsbrighton.co.uk/how-to-use-suffixes-to-create-nouns-from-adjectives-and-verbs/
https://www.grammar-quizzes.com/noun-forms.html
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/suffixes